The background to community-based conservation / David Western and R. Michael Wright -- Ecosystem conservation and rural development: the case of Amboseli / David Western -- The resurgence of community forest management in eastern India / Mark Poffenberger -- Transforming customary law and coastal management practices in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia, 1870-1992 / Charles Zerner -- Managing wildlife with local communities in the Peruvian Amazon: the case of the Reserva Comunal Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo / Richard E. Bodmer -- Kakadu National Park: an Australian experience in comanagement / M.A. Hill and A.J. Press -- The Zimbabwe Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) / Simon Metcalfe -- Local initiatives and the rewards for biodiversity conservation: Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area, Papua New Guinea / Mary C. Pearl -- BOSCOSA: forest conservation and management through local institutions (Costa Rica) / Richard Donovan -- Profile of national policy: natural forest management in Niger / Jonathan Otto and Kent Elbow -- A profile and interim assessment of the Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Nepal / Michael P. Wells -- The farm scheme of North York Moors National Park, United Kingdom / Derek C. Statham -- Community-based approaches to wildlife conservation in neotropical forests / John G. Robinson and Kent H. Redford -- Cultural traditions and community-based conservation / Charles D. Kleymeyer -- The link between local participation and improved conservation: a review of issues and experiences / Peter D. Little -- Tenurial rights and community-based conservation / Owen J. Lynch and Janis B. Alcorn -- Community environmental action: the national policy context / Fabio Feldmann -- The role of institutions in community-based conservation / Marshall W. Murphree -- Economic dimensions of community-based conservation / Daniel W. Bromley -- Ecological limits and opportunities for community-based conservation / Nick Salafsky -- Are successful community-based conservation projects designed or discovered? / Frances J. Seymour -- Linking conservation and community aspirations / David Western -- Lessons learned / Shirley C. Strum -- Recommendations / R. Michael Wright -- A few big challenges / David Western ... [et al.] -- Visions of the future: the new focus of conservation / David Western.