A brief history of early developments in language teaching -- The nature of approaches and methods in language teaching -- The oral approach and situational language teaching -- The audiolingual method -- Communicative language teaching -- Content-based instruction and content and language integrated learning (CLIL) -- Whole language -- Competency-based language teaching, standards and the Common European Framework of Reference -- Task-based language teaching -- Text-based instruction -- The lexical approach -- Multiple intelligences -- Cooperative language learning -- The natural approach -- Total physical response -- The silent way -- Community language learning -- Suggestopedia.