"Cloistered bookworms, quarreling endlessly in the muses' bird-cage": from Greek antiquity to circa 1400 -- "A complete mastery of antiquity": Renaissance, Reformation, and beyond -- "A voracious and undistinguishing appetite": British philology to the mid-eighteenth century -- "Deep erudition ingeniously applied": revolutions of the later eighteenth century -- "The similarity of structure which pervades all languages": from philology to linguistics, 1800-1850 -- "Genuinely national poetry and prose": literary philology and literary studies, 1800-1860 -- "An epoch in historical science": the civilized past, 1800-1850. I. Altertumswissenschaft and classical studies. II. Archaeology. III. History -- "Grammatical and exegetical tact": biblical philology and its others, 1800-1860 -- "This newly opened mine of scientific inquiry": between history and nature: linguistics after 1850 -- "Painstaking research quite equal to mathematical physics": literature, 1860-1920 -- "No tendency toward dilettantism": the civilized past after 1850. I. 'Classics' becomes a discipline. II. History. III. Art history -- "The field naturalists of human nature": anthropology congeals into a discipline, 1840-1910 -- "The highest and most engaging of the manifestations of human nature": biblical philology and the rise of religious studies after 1860. I. The fate of biblical philology. II. The rise of comparative religious studies -- Epilogue.