The Geographical Environment -- Russia before the Russians -- Kievan Rus -- The Origins of the Kievan State -- Kievan Rus: A Political Outline -- Kievan Rus: Economy, Society, Institutions -- Kievan Rus: Religion and Culture -- Appanage Russia -- Appanage Russia: Introduction -- The Mongols and Russia -- Lord Novgorod the Great -- The Southwest and the Northeast -- The Rise of Moscow -- Appanage Russia: Economy, Society, Institutions -- Appanage Russia: Religion and Culture -- The Lithuanian-Russian State -- Muscovite Russia -- The Reigns of Ivan the Terrible, 1533-84, and of Theodore, 1584-98 -- The Time of Troubles, 1598-1613 -- The Reigns of Michael, 1613-45, Alexis, 1645-76, and Theodore, 1676-82 -- Muscovite Russia: Economy, Society, Institutions -- Muscovite Russia: Religion and Culture -- Imperial Russia -- The Reign of Peter the Great, 1682-1725 -- Russian History from Peter the Great to Catherine the Great: The Reigns of Catherine I, 1725-27, Peter II, 1727-30, Anne, 1730-40, Ivan VI, 1740-41, Elizabeth, 1741-62, and Peter III, 1762 -- The Reigns of Catherine the Great, 1762-96, and Paul, 1796-1801 -- The Economic and Social Development of Russia in the Eighteenth Century -- Russian Culture in the Eighteenth Century -- The Reign of Alexander I, 1801-25 -- The Reign of Nicholas I, 1825-55 -- The Economic and Social Development of Russia in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century -- Russian Culture in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century -- The Reign of Alexander II, 1855-81 -- The Reign of Alexander III, 1881-94, and the First Part of the Reign of Nicholas II, 1894-1905 -- The Last Part of the Reign of Nicholas II: The Revolution of 1905 and the Constitutional Period, 1905-17 -- The Economic and Social Development of Russia from the "Great Reforms" until the Revolutions of 1917 -- Russian Culture from the "Great Reforms" until the Revolutions of 1917 -- The Revolutions of 1917 -- Soviet Russia -- Soviet Russia: An Introduction -- War Communism, 1917-21, and the New Economic Policy, 1921-28 -- The Stalin Era -- Soviet Foreign Policy, 1921-41, and the Second World War, 1941-45 -- Stalin's Last Decade, 1945-53 -- The Soviet Union after Stalin, 1953-85 -- Soviet Society and Culture -- The Gorbachev Years, 1985-91, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union -- Russian Federation -- Politics and the Economy after Communism: Yeltsin, Putin, and Beyond -- Society and Culture since 1991.