Pt. I. Bioethics: birth, evolution and context -- 1. The birth and evolution of bioethics / Arthur L. Caplan -- 2. The ethics of bioethics / Robert Baker -- 3. The independence principle in bioethics / David Perlman -- 4. Health law and bioethics / Barry R. Furrow -- 5. Bioethics: the citizen view and its perils / John Timpane -- 6. Health and disease: conceptual perspectives and ethical implications / Dominic Sisti -- Pt II. Emerging issues: neuroethics and nanoethics -- 7. Neuroethics / Martha J. Farah -- 8. Is my mind mine?: neuroethics and brain imaging / Paul Root Wolpe -- 9. Future minds: transhumanism, cognitive enhancement, and the nature of persons / Susan Schneider -- 10. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine: ethical and social considerations / Jan Jaeger, Marisa P. Marcin, and Paul Root Wolpe -- Pt. III. Bioethics at the bedside -- 11. Confidentiality: an expectation in health care / Anita L. Allen -- 12. Hospital ethics committees and ethics consultants / James J. McCartney -- 13. Ethical issues in nursing practice / Connie M. Ulrich and Mindy B. Zeitzer -- 14. Conscientious refusals by physicians / Holly Fernandez Lynch -- 15. Mediation and health care / Edward J. Bergman and Autumn Fiester -- 16. The moral education of medical students / Judah L. Goldberg -- 17. Disability perspectives on bioethics / Carol Schilling -- 18. Ethical issues in caregiving / Gerald I. Wolpe -- Pt. IV. Research ethics -- 19. Research misconduct and fraud / Barbara K. Redman -- 20. Ethical issues in innovative surgery / Angelique M. Reitsma -- 21. Unique aspects of informed consent in emergency research / Jill M. Barren -- 22. The ethics of inclusion and exclusion in clinical trials: race, sex, and age / Diana Zuckerman -- 23. The use of placebo-control groups in clinical trials / Susan S. Ellenberg -- 24. Forbidden knowledge / William R. LaFleur -- 25. Conflict of interest in American universities / Perry B. Molinoff -- Pt. V. Reproductive technologies -- 26. Regulating assisted reproductive technology: avoiding extremes / Jennifer L. Rosato -- 27. Choosing future people: reproductive technologies and identity / Mark Greene -- 28. Ethical aspects of egg donation / Luigi Mastroianni, Jr. -- 29. Ethical aspects of male infertility / Georgios Karnakis and Pasquale Patrizio -- 30. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: ethical considerations / Frances R. Batzer and Vardit Ravitsky -- 31. The influence of language on the beginning of life debate / Thomas A. Marino -- Pt. VI. Genetics -- 32. Eugenics / Mark B. Adams -- 33. Human gene patents / Jon F. Merz -- 34. Genetics research and race: whither bioethics? / Pamela Sankar -- 35. Biobanks / Bernice S. Elger -- 36. Prenatal choices: genetic counseling for variable genetic diseases / Curtis R. Coughlin II -- 37. Ethical issues in animal biotechnology / Autumn Fiester -- 38. Ethical and social aspects of transgenic plants / David C. Magnus -- Pt. VII. Fetuses and children -- 39. The contested territory of medical decision-making for children / Wynne Morrison and Chris Feudtner -- 40. "This won't hurt a bit": truth-telling to children / Alisa A. Padon and Steven D. Handler -- 41. Children in research: linking assent and parental permission / Victoria A. Miller, William W. Reynolds, and Robert M. Nelson -- 42. Withdrawing and withholding life-prolonging therapies in children / Margaret M. Mahon -- 43. Ethical challenges in pediatric dialysis and kidney transplantation / Bernard S. Kaplan, Cynthia Green, H. Jorge Baluarte, and Kevin E.C. Meyers -- 44. The ethics of perinatal palliative care / Chris Feudtner and David Munson -- Pt. VIII. Access to health care -- 45. Health care access in the United States: American exceptionalism once more! / Stephen E. Lammers -- 46. Does the U.S. Constitution protect a right to unapproved drugs? / Theodore W. Ruger and Mahnu Davar -- 47. Fair pricing and access to medicines for the poor / Donald W. Light -- Pt. IX. Community and public health -- 48. Public health ethics: an update on an emerging field / Michael Yudell -- 49. Bioethics "on the ground": public health matters / Joanne Godley -- 50. Disease control policy: individual rights versus the common good / Jason L. Schwartz -- 51. Bioethics and national security / Jonathan D. Moreno and Michael S. Peroski -- 52. Bringing the public to the private: increasing the accountability of nonprofit health organizations / Roberta M. Snow -- 53. The bioethics of tobacco / Eric A. Feldman -- 54. HIV exceptionalism and the mutability of ethical boundaries / Marlene Eisenberg, Michael B. Blank, and Ronald Bayer -- Pt. X. Vaccines -- 55. The ethics of vaccination / James Colgrove -- 56. The ethics of allocating vaccines / Robert I. Field -- 57. Influenza vaccination of health care workers / Michael J. Smith -- Pt. XI. Organ transplantation -- 58. Organ transplantation: the challenge of scarcity / Arthur L. Caplan -- 59. The importance of embodiment in transplant ethics / Nora L. Jones -- 60. Organ trafficking and transplant tourism / Debra A. Budiani-Saberi -- 61. Ethical dilemmas in the management of the potential organ donor after circulatory determination of death / Scott D. Halpern -- 62. Protecting live kidney and liver donors / Peter P. Reese, Peter L. Abt, and Roy D. Bloom -- 63. Organ transplantation and retransplantation: medical and ethical considerations / Raluca Vrabie, Vardit Ravitsky, and Thoman W. Faust -- Pt. XII. End of life -- 64. Advance directives / Stephen S. Hanson and David J. Doukas -- 65. Medical futility / Horace M. DeLisser -- 66. Hospice: past, future, and ethical considerations / Amy M. Corcoran and Jennifer M. Kapo -- 67. Palliative care / Debra Wiegand.