Introduction: the mediating mechanisms of the effects of poverty on reading achievement / Susan B. Neuman -- Poverty and its consequences / Susan B. Neuman -- Childhood poverty in economic and public policy contexts / Sandra K. Danziger and Sheldon H. Danziger -- Childhood poverty, race, and equal opportunity / Mary Corcoran -- How childhood poverty and income affect children's cognitive functioning and school achievement / Vonnie C. McLoyd and Kelly M. Purtell -- Poverty, early literacy achievement, and education reform / Julia Parkinson and Brian Rowan -- Literacy achievement in the primary grades in high-poverty schools / Louisa C. Moats and Barbara R. Foorman -- Social and academic achievement of children and youth in urban, high-poverty neighborhoods / Charles R. Greenwood -- How instruction can make a difference / Susan B. Neuman -- Improving achievement for English language learners / Claude Goldenberg -- Effective language instruction for African American children / Holly K. Craig -- Shared book reading interventions / Deborah C. Simmons ... et al. -- Applying universal design for learning with children living in poverty / David H. Rose and Gabrielle Rappolt-Schlichtmann -- The dual coding theory / Allan Paivio -- Success for all, embedded multimedia, and the teaching-learning orchestra / Robert E. Slavin, Nancy A. Madden, and Bette Chambers -- How technology can make a difference / Susan B. Neuman -- Design features in living books and their effects on young children's vocabulary / Adriana G. Bus ... et al. -- The limits of the self-teaching hypothesis / Marilyn Jager Adams -- Television and learning / Heather L. Kirkorian and Daniel R. Anderson -- Maximizing informal learning from digital technologies / Sandra L. Calvert -- The benefits of going green / Kathleen A. Roskos.