Impeachment evolves -- Impeachment as exceptional: the case of Earl Warren -- Impeachment as political: the case of Abe Fortas -- Impeachment as partisan: the case of William 0. Douglas -- Impeachment as discretionary: the case of Spiro Agnew -- Impeachment as essential: the case of Richard Nixon -- Impeachment as routine: pardons, powers, prosecutors, and judicial self-policing -- Impeachment as cultural: shaping public conclusions -- Impeachment as distasteful: the case of Ronald Reagan -- Impeachment as inexorable: the cases of Harry Claiborne and Walter Nixon -- Impeachment as irreversible but not fatal: the case of Alcee Hastings -- Impeachment as consensual: the case of Bill Clinton -- Impeachment as conventional: expressions of public scorn -- The age of impeachment: ended or extended? .