Schechner, R. Introduction: the fan and the web.--Ethology: Alland, A., Jr. The roots of art. Lorenz, K. Habit, ritual, and magic. Schaller, G. The chest-beating sequence of the mountain gorilla. Lawick-Goodall, J. V. The rain dance.--Play: Huizinga, J. Nature and significance of play as a cultural phenomenon. Bateson, G. A theory of play and fantasy. Lévi-Strauss, C. The science of the concrete.--Ritual and performance in everyday life: Birdwhistell, R. L. It depends on the point of view. Goffman, E. Performances, Turner, V. Social dramas and ritual metaphors.--Shamanism, trance, meditation: Anisimov, A. F. The shaman's tent of the Evenks. Kirby, E. T. The shamanistic origins of popular entertainments. Belo, J. Trance experience in Bali.--Rites, ceremonies, performances: Gould, R. A. Desert rituals and the sacred life. Grotowski, J. The theatre's new testament. Schechner, R. From ritual to theatre and back.