The federal response to the problem -- The role of federal R&D in hazard loss reduction -- Our approach -- Quantifying R&D for hazard loss reduction -- Identifying R&D funds -- Analysis criteria: isolating hazard loss R&D -- Characterizing the R&D effort -- Types of R&D programs that contribute to hazard loss -- Reduction -- Funding distribution by program type -- Assessing program impact -- Overall assessments -- The policy challenge for hazard loss R&D -- The missing metric -- The human factor -- The implementation gap -- The current R&D payoff -- Key steps for policymakers -- Summary and conclusions -- The contribution of R&D to hazard loss reduction -- What are we asking of R&D? -- What are we asking of hazard loss R&D?