Decoding strategies -- Guiding principles of teaching decoding -- Phonics in the upper grades -- Phonics word sorts -- Tape-recorded text -- Electronic books -- Fluency strategies -- Guiding principles of teaching fluency -- Effective fluency methods -- Classwide peer tutoring -- Self-selected reading -- Vocabulary strategies -- Guiding principles of teaching vocabulary -- Feature analysis -- Graphic organizers -- Semantic maps -- Vocabulary venns -- Semantic scales -- List-group-label -- Concept sorts -- Vocabulary clusters -- Silly questions -- Possible sentences -- Comprehension lesson formats -- Guiding principles of teaching reading comprehension -- Directed reading activity -- Directed reading-thinking activity -- K-w-l -- Listen-read-discuss -- Questioning strategies -- Levels of questions -- Question-answer relationships -- Question clusters -- Reciprocal questioning -- Questioning the author -- Other comprehension strategies -- Specific skill approaches -- Walk-throughs -- Think-alouds -- Imaging -- Teaching with analogies -- Charting new territory -- Guided notes -- Reading guides -- Anticipation guides -- Reciprocal teaching -- Guided reading in textual settings -- Summary writing -- Cloze venns -- Riddles -- Puzzlers -- More ideas for inferential comprehension.