Germany and the rise of Hitler -- 2. The Nazi revolution and German Jews, 1933 -- 3. The revolution ends? Between anti-Jewish violence and legislation, 1933-36 -- 4. Foreign aggression and the "Jewish question, " 1936-38 -- 5. The final steps to war and intensification of Jewish persecution, 1938-39 -- 6. The beginning of racial war, 1939-40 -- 7. Expanding the racial war, 1940 -- 8. The racial war in the east, 1941 -- 9. Repercussions of the war and decision for the final solution -- 10. The killing centers and deportations of Polish Jewry, 1942 -- 11. Attempted revolts, Auschwitz, and the beginning deportations of European Jewry, 1942 -- 12. Growing Jewish resistance and continued deportations, 1943 -- 13. Expansion of Auschwitz, Allied victories, and more deportations, 1943-44 -- 14. The final solution amid German defeat, 1944-45 -- 15. Bystanders: the world and the Holocaust, 1942-44 -- 16. Rescue, relief, and war crimes trials -- 17. The perpetrators: types, motives, and the post-war era -- 18. The victims: destruction, resistance, and memory -- 19. Learning from the Holocaust.