Introduction -- The life and times -- Heir of the Revolution? Napoleon and the French Left prior to World War One -- Napoleon and the Nineteenth-Century Right: the great commander and the man on horseback -- Prototype for Hitler and Mussolini? Napoleon and fascism -- The great man: Napoleon in Nineteenth-Century literature and art -- The people's choice? Napoleon and popular culture -- The great man meets the Twentieth Century -- Napoleon and Europe: conqueror or unifier? -- Conclusion.