Introduction / T.C.W. -- Revolution from above and below , European politics from the French Revolution to the Fist World War / John Roberts -- The industrialization of modern Europe, 1750-1914 / Clive Trebilcock -- Military modernization, 1789-1918 / Hew Strachan -- From orders to classes, European society in the nineteenth century / Pamela Pilbeam -- The commercialization and sacralization of European culture in the nineteenth century / T.C.W. Blanning -- The great civil war, European poltics, 1914-1945 / Paul Preston -- The fall and rise of the European economy in the twentieth century / Harold James -- Warfare in Europe since 1918 / Richard Overy -- European society in the twentieth century / Richard Bessel -- From modernism to post-modernism / Martin Jay -- Europe divided and reunited, 1945-1995 / David Reynolds.