Arctic tundra and polar desert biome / Lawrence C. Bliss -- The taiga and boreal forest / Deborah L. Elliott-Fisk -- Forests and meadows of the Rocky Mountains / Robert K. Peet -- Pacific Northwest forests / Jerry F. Franklin and Charles B. Halpern -- Californian upland forest and woodlands / Michael G. Barbour and Richard A. Minnich -- Chaparral / Jon E. Keeley -- Intermountain valleys and lower mountain slopes / Neil E. West and James A. Young -- Warm deserts / James A. MacMahon -- Grasslands / Phillip L. Sims and Paul G. Risser -- Eastern deciduous forests / Hazel R. Delcourt and Paul A. Delcourt -- Vegetation of the southeastern Coastal Plain / Norman L. Christensen -- Freshwater wetlands / Curtis J. Richardson -- Saltmarshes and mangroves / Irving A. Mendelssohn and Karen L. McKee -- Alpine vegetation / William Dwight Billings -- Mexican temperate vegetation / Alejandro Valázquez, Victor Manuel Toledo, and Isolda Luna -- The Caribbean / Ariel E. Luga, Julio Figueroa Colón, and Frederick N. Scatena -- Tropical and subropical vegetation of Mesoamerica / Gary S. Hartshorn -- Vegetation of the Hawaiian Islands / Lloyd L. Loope.