Archaeology of chemistry / Alchemy, assaying, and experiment / Apparatus and reproducibility in alchemy / "Slippery substances" : some practical and conceptual problems in the understanding of gases in the pre-Lavoisier era / Measuring gases and measuring goodness / Evolution of Lavoisier's chemical apparatus / "Fit instruments" : thermometers in eighteenth-century chemistry / Platinum and ground glass : some innovations in chemical apparatus by Guyton de Morveau and others / Multiple combining proportions : the experimental evidence / Organic analysis in comparative perspective : Liebig, Dumas, and Berzelius, 1811-1837 / Chemical techniques in a preelectronic age : the remarkable apparatus of Edward Frankland / Bridging chemistry and physics in the experimental study of gunpowder / Laboratory practice and the physical chemistry of Michael Polanyi